In addition to genetic influences, environmental factors can also contribute to some corpus callosum malformations. Researchers are now trying to develop a genetic test that would offer 'some understanding of the clinical syndrome being presented in utero', in order to give parents a more accurate prognosis of their unborn child's condition. 'If a person happens to have a mutation in one of those genes, then often occurs.'
'We have some understanding now of some of the cells that are required for forming a bridge between the hemispheres to allow the corpus callosum axons to cross over, and that developmental process is controlled by a large range of different genes. Richards says the cause of the disorder can be understood as 'an accident of genetic engineering'. 'The dilemma at the 20-week gestational period is to be able to provide some degree of certainty to the doctor and to the family as to the possible prognosis for that child, and we are not in a position to be able to do that at the moment because we can't do a genetic test,' Richards says. Some children are blind, deaf and never learn to walk, talk or interact with their parents, while others are very high-functioning. If the structure is missing or malformed, outcomes vary. Read more: What we do (and don't) know about left-handedness By around 20 weeks of gestation the doctor will be able to tell whether or not the child has a normally developing corpus callosum.' 'The corpus callosum starts to develop around 12 weeks of human gestation, and then continues on even after birth. 'This is a disorder that usually occurs during development prior to birth,' says Richards. It's thought that one in 3,000 people have agenesis of the corpus callosum-a congenital disorder that sees a complete or partial absence of the conduit. While not essential for survival, a missing or damaged corpus callosum can cause a range of developmental problems. 'Those functions require one side of the brain to dominate and the other side of the brain to be somewhat inhibited.' 'It's also very important for other functions that are lateralised more to one side of the brain, for example, reading and language.
required for any functions that the brain has that need to be integrated between the two sides of the body,' says Linda Richards, deputy director of the Queensland Brain Institute. But as adults they may be people that have trouble holding down a job.'The corpus callosum is the largest fibre tract in the brain. In the classroom they are the kids that are different, might potentially be disruptive.
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